What is the production process of Iron Vanadium Alloy?

What is the production process of Vanadium Iron Alloy?

The abundance of vanadium in the earth's crust is 135 × 10%. There are more than 70 kinds of vanadium minerals, but there are very few individual vanadium deposits (only Minalagra in Peru is a single deposit that has been mined) and is symbiotic with other mines.

The raw materials for the production of vanadium include vanadium ore (containing vo.4%-1.4%), uranium vanadium ore (containing v2o51.5%-2.0%), crude oil ash (containing v2o520%-40%), vanadium-containing iron phosphate (containing v3%-6%), waste vanadium catalyst, alumina production residue, etc.

These feedstocks contain low vanadium and, therefore, require hydrometallurgical methods. First, vanadium pentoxide is extracted from these raw materials, and then the vanadium pentoxide is smelted into ferrovanadium and vanadium additives. Vanadite concentrate is the main raw material for the production of vanadium, and 90% of the world's vanadium production is produced from vanadium-titanium concentrate.