What is ferro vanadium used for?

From the upstream of the vanadium industry chain, the resource end is rich in reserves. Vanadium rarely forms independent minerals. It is mainly found in vanadium-titanium magnetite, phosphate rock, uranium-containing sandstone and siltstone. In addition, a large amount of vanadium is found in bauxite and carbon-containing materials (such as oil and coal). About 71% of vanadium production comes from vanadium-rich slag obtained after steelmaking from vanadium-titanium magnetite, and 18% comes directly from vanadium-titanium magnetite, which together account for 89%. The rest of the vanadium comes from vanadium-uranium ore, vanadium-containing fuel oil ash, vanadium-containing stone coal, and waste chemical catalysts. China's vanadium reserves account for 43% of the world's total, and its vanadium ore production accounts for 62% of the world's total.

The downstream of vanadium includes steel and casting, titanium alloys, chemicals and energy storage. The application of vanadium is concentrated in the steel field, accounting for 85%, and energy storage is used in all-vanadium redox flow batteries. All-vanadium flow batteries have the advantages of high safety compared to lithium batteries. In addition, they also have the advantages of long cycle life, easy recycling, and low cost throughout the life cycle.