Silicon Metal Is Used As Antioxidant

Silicon is widely used in smelting ferrosilicon alloys as alloying elements in the iron and steel industry and as reducing agents in many kinds of metal smelting. Silicon is also a good component in aluminum alloy, and the vast majority of cast aluminum alloys contain silicon. Silicon is the raw material of ultra-pure silicon in electronics industry. The electronic devices made of ultra-pure semiconductor monocrystalline silicon have the advantages of small size, light weight, good reliability and long life. High-power transistors, rectiators and solar cells made of silicon single crystals doped with certain trace impurities are better than those made of germanium single crystals.

Silicon has two kinds of allotropes : amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon is a gray-black powder, which is actually a kind of microcrystal. Crystalline silicon has the crystal structure and semiconductor properties of diamond. Its melting point is 1410 °C, boiling point is 2355 °C, Mohs hardness is 7, and it is brittle. Amorphous silicon is chemically active and can burn violently in oxygen.

It reacts with non-metals such as halogen, nitrogen, and carbon at high temperatures, and can also react with metals such as magnesium, calcium, and iron to form silicides. Amorphous silicon is insoluble in almost all inorganic and organic acids, including hydrofluoric acid, but soluble in a mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.

Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution can dissolve amorphous silicon and release hydrogen. The crystalline silicon is relatively inactive and does not combine with oxygen even at high temperatures. It is insoluble in any inorganic acid and organic acid, but soluble in a mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.

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